Do Fallow Season Cover Crops Increase N2O or CH4 Emission from Paddy Soils in the Mono-Rice Cropping System?

Cover crop management during the fallow season may play a relevant role in improving productivity and soil quality, by increasing nitrogen (N) organic carbon (SOC) accumulation, but has possibility of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soil. A year-long consistency experiment was conducted to examine effects various winter covering crops on annual nitrous oxide (N2O) together with methane (CH4) mono-rice planting system, including direct cover period incorporating these gaseous forthcoming rice (Oryza Sativa L.) growing period, improve development paddy field assess cultivation patterns. The included three treatments: Chinese milk vetch-rice (Astragalus sinicus residue returned (T1), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)-rice (T2), (CK). Compared CK, two treatments significantly increased yield, total (TN) 6.9–14.5%, 0.8–2.1% 3.4–5.4%, respectively. In all cases, fluxes CH4 N2O could increase incorporation N fertilizer application residues. Short-term peaks were monitored after residues incorporated preparation early vegetative growth midseason drainage period. greatly enhanced cumulative compared CK (by 193.6–226.5% 37.5–43.7%, respectively) intercropping Meanwhile, mean values global warming potentials (GWPs) fields different cropping T2 > T1 CK. Considering advantages environmental safety would be most practicable sustainable pattern for systems.